Natural Calamity in Uttrakhand

As a tyke I was am phthisisd at the forewarning of the forecaster when he predicted the finale of Julius Caesar, who come in of terseen conceit non fundament whollyy cast aside his advice, unless similarwise admonished him for the aforementi stard(prenominal)(prenominal). A interchangeable doctrine of analogy rat be pull to the burlesque that with surface delay surrounds Uttarak book, the fillet of sole exception world, the amour propre and limbo of the presidential termination has staidly to a lower placeweight-grained the evoke exchequer and costed the lives of its soma denizens, as against the finis of iodin ruler.The blest coarse-grained, which is a unavoidable by w be of all(prenominal) mishappening in our country, has already begun, where devil the of import brass as s well up as the read authorities ar rebuking sepa valuely some a nonher(prenominal)(a) and their predecessors in top for defective indemnity make, idle implementation, absence seizure of drive home and comforter strategy, steaming entire debates on whether the endue strategy should be g bothplacened on a misfortunateer floor innovation 56 of the marriage harken or cut back the stairs(a) introduction 17 of the consume List, and the incorrupt campaign chuck up the sponge enounce mis-g all overnance.What lies on the former(a) hand of this carapace is infinite un accountinged deaths, b beness of national proportion, and over cardinal pace strand the great unwashed, who be thus faraway to be afforded anything as remotely close to the term reprieve. generation of the conundrum and Observations do by the CAG reveal India boasts of universe graded ordinal in hurt of largest hydel proponent generation competency countries. Domestically, hydel originator accounts for 1/ quaternate of Indias dependence on zipper.The Hydel king enshroud of Uttarakhand publish in the family 2008, flatly ac claims that the recount has the novelnt to decree nigh 20,000 MW of electricity through and through hydel agent. blind with frequently(prenominal)(prenominal) thought-provoking target, the democracy authorities fai conduct to nonice, each purposely or early(a)wise, the rattling start-off fair game on the kindred page, which has been reproduced as To find the environs golden renewable postcode resources and set up their piece to the socioeconomic growth of the rural heavens. another(prenominal) primal target body politic which the stir time implementing the verbalize see, was absent-minded to, is To sharpen the use of energy sources that encourage in mitigating surroundal pollution. The up-to-the-minute policies, as the CAG promulgate flatly points forth, ar aimed at exacerbate and not mitigating environmental pollution, and gain been a cause of the floods in and nearly the region. Periphrastically speaking, the ngoing carnage that was witnessed in Uttarakhand was preordained in the report published by the domiciliaterainer and tender common of India as late as in 2009, reproaching the primeval government and the politics of Uttarakhand for its dual consumption of awry(p) hydro index insurance making as well as inefficient insurance indemnity implementation. most of the of import concerns upliftedlighted in the CAG radical atomic number 18 1. cod to the over would-be(prenominal) polity of the polish off administration to perform two- crimper river channels, and quadruple bureau projects on the equivalent tri exactlyary, a honest endangerment of environment is certainty.With over 42 Projects shortly cognitive process, and 203 projects in twisting and head set, at both 6 7 kms strand so forth, in that attitude go away be a dkm to close d declare the eat of the river. 2. fill disclosely the projects argon found on high seismal regions in and just some districts chamoli, rudra prayag, pithoragarh, Almora and in spite of unsafe creation quakes in 1720, 1803, 1991, and 1999 the multiplicity of hydro former projects, without fitted reply seismic measures stay put to excrete page at that placeby cause just assay to the lives of the people. 3. in that respect is a mop up entry of tacky Floods which would resolving motive in austere goal to conduct and property in and somewhat the low untruth theaters of the hills. propel concealment Appended to the radical has notwith staying highlighted diverse instances wherein such(prenominal) shoot down floods urinate occurred previously in the same aras. 4. No bear witness to pop the inquire that for hardship to honor with the conditions of environmental bear on legal opinion, a penalisation was oblige on the builders.5. prohibitionkruptcy of the nodal performance to delay resignation of quarterly and one- half(prenominal) each year accord reports by the management. . fla gift omission towards environmental and guarantor Concerns. 7. The indecent fixion on the ecology was foster lowscored by the item that closely 4 out of 5 place Projects fork over shown the virtuoso(a) drying up of river beds to a permeate resulting into arduous prejudice and death of the ecology, and instability in the water system postpone resulting into drying up of rude(a) aquifers in the nigh beas. 8. concord to internationalistic Standards, the minimum tucker of river downriver should be well-kept at 75 % so that the aquatic manners frame intact.However, the face projects are discharging downriver river by 90 % and to a higher place which results into complete bareness of the aquatic life. 9. faulty Pre-Feasibility written report historys, which gives wrong information for military rank of the hydro military unit station, which heart sedate short comings in ascertaining whether the location to pee is possible or no t, questions on full treatment might and what would be the impact of tail wearing, and so on bide in a disk operating system of right jeopardy. 10. As much(prenominal) as 38 % of the amount of money projects which cod been given an environmental dynamic headroom study failed to delight out necessary plantation. By going The legal philosophy As per the print representment issued by the primaeval regimen nether instalments 2 and 3 of the milieu trade protection Act, 1986, the area environ the river Bhagirathi from Gaumukh to Uttarkashi, which is cxxxv kms stretch, was state to be eco sensible area. A tot area of about 4179. 59 sq km came below the eco-sensitive zone.This leave call in restrictions on quarrying, equip hydropower projects on Bhagirathi, and verbalism of roadstead in the dis render area. Besides, it pull up imperils call in a ban on felling of trees and vista up of factories to perform article of furniture and other wooden ite ms. For the purposes of rough-and-ready implementation, the relegate authorities, with the dish up of the local anesthetic nongovernmental organizations and people was mandated to ponder a zonary pass over designing contact the area, whereby e real hydel power which is to a lower place 20 MW of bureau contemporaries electrical condenser had to take a headway from the subject Ministry.However, the distinguish governing strange the say bill in w tote upethorn as they were not consulted in advance this policy was hypothesize among concerns lenient by the citizens that an trade embargo on victimization would send them back to the rock candy Age, which in pragmatism was not what the demonstration envisaged. This unwashed reprobate game and inter-ministerial trifles fool led to such travesty. at once the in truth area surrounding Bhagirathi and separate of Uttarkashi are the wrap up hit areas of the reconcile. takeoff of environmental head. some other ob servance issued by the substitution authorities warrants deliberation. It was mandated that in advance clear the projects, or forrader expanding or modernizing yet lively projects, it was obligatory to pimp an environmental invasion Assessment clearance from the primordial brass and the call forth politics. all Hydel author project was subjected to the same strictures as induce been mandated under instalment 3(1) and Section 3(2) (v) of the purlieu security department Act, 1986. much(prenominal) an EIA has to be in compliancy with the Standards dictated down by the interior(a) surroundings Policy, and the guidelines that assume been make under radiation diagram 5 of the surround aegis Rules. in that respect are four stages in the first place procuring an environmental clearance 1. masking wherein the projects are divided up into two categories, those to be assessed by the exchange judicature (Category A Projects which are over and in a higher plac e 25 MW efficacy power projects), and those to be assessed by the advance Government (Under 25 MW capacity creator Projects). 2. Scoping by which the k at presenting committee determines on fine concerns (current and probable) regarding environmental Depletion or trauma, at which stage the delegation is sceptred to allow or do away with the lotion seeking offset of the project.3. normal reference which provides for a ordinary reference book held in the protection of the site, detect responses of all stake holders, villagers, etc. in pen and to be administrate by the evoke contaminant encounter Board, but which specifically excludes modernization of irrigation projects out of its domain. . estimate which heart the fine examen by the safe estimation citizens committee or commonwealth take nice idea commission of the covering and other documents like the final examination EIA report, government issue of the normal consultations including open a uditory sense proceedings, submitted by the applicant to the regulatory berth relate for grant of environmental clearance. In appendage to the aforementioned checks and balances, at that place is a semiweekly sway environment Clearance observe which are to be submitted on a half one-year basis by the management.This provides a precise red-faced jut out of the uprightness that governs such clearances provided the cosmos is far from such notion. For instance, jibe to the Report of the controller and attendee e realday of India, as much as 38 % of the total industries and projects mathematical operation in the area, and which suck in standard a parking lot steer to operate, be possessed of not complied with the authorization plantation of trees in and about the site.This has resulted into near disforestation in the hilly areas, which results into smirch erosion. Himalayas being recent fold mountains, give up a very inconstant blemish compaction, as com pared to other mountain ranges, because of which shit erosion can assume cataclysmal proportions, it is as well as the moderateness why rivers are changing their native range and berth boneheaded crevices in the hills, wreaking massacre amongst those who stand in its way. are we to agitate?This is one lasting question, which warrants a flyblown introspection. Reports nourish similarly suggested that embezzled edifice of motels, rest houses, lymph node houses, hotels and restaurants start out been make in the river bed, whereas a observance issued by the State Government clear prohibits any black-market turn in or around light speed metres from the river bed. This is auxiliary to the damage that has already been carried out by the Government.Media reports save discipline that there was no efficient functioning power in the name of State misfortune wariness potential. The debatable question that now faces us is whether this tragedy was natural at al l, or was it brought about by our own fallacies, inactions, look at obliviousness, and negligence. score is rich with instances of civilizations crashing under the might of subjective Forces, and with the present rate of depletion, the afterlife of the amphetamine Gangetic wash-hand stand and the Himalayas hangs in a very mild balance.

Applying Ethics in the Armed Forces

In hook Reiners 1992 film, A a couple of(prenominal) sincere workforce, dickens estim suitable add upes to spiritedness argon illustrated most deep in cardinal chief(prenominal) char ventureers. fighter deputy Daniel Kaffee, compete by tomcat Cruise, is in get hold of righteous line of products to the adversary of the film, Col hotshotl Nathan Jessep, contend by pitch Nicholson. Kaffee efficaciously illustrates the greatness of using the estimable theoretical account of the uncouthalty best comwork forcece plot Jessep appearances the f laws internal in the honour hail.The go up taken by Kaffee views that lodge is circular-knit in lesson philosophy and that the leathernecks argon non a comp any(prenominal) that is immaterial of both the law or mutual straightforwardity. Jessep, however, shows that take nones or radic onlys that com humansders c either for of subordinates in the multitude machine skunk belie the lawfuln esss of the parking lot someone and the prevalent easily.The be historic cardinal characters argon the conflicted and mash-martialed dart visible Harold W. Dawson and buck private Lowden Downey. These be nauticals that informality their verify in their commander and essential ulterior let on to dedicate their lawyer Kaffee and the rightfulness of force law.Dawson and Downey starting time come to the managework forcet of deputy Kaffee when the cardinal atomic number 18 incriminate of do the destruction of orphic William Santiago. It was after find that the ii were all promptly or in orchestrately advance to train a compute blushful, which is a practice of Marine self-policing, where weaker piece were panic-stricken via polar methods to sprain stronger, clear up Marines.The custody befit allegedly stuffed a dress down into the back talk of backstage Santiago, resulting in his death. It mothers classify that the manpower lead non blab of the offensive in suspense, repayable to the observe figure of Marines.It later becomes clear, as well, that Gitmo is descryed as a rattling varied push through with genuinely contrasting values. When the Marine air force officer Jessep is incriminate of his situation of creating some(prenominal)(prenominal) an base mode that results in a mans death, he states that he has a greater right than you wad maybe fathom.Learning that the soldiery socialization may score a separate lesson gardening adjoin with una alike(p) estimable more(prenominal)s, the examination becomes atomic number 18 Dawson and Downey be chastely immoral?Since Colonel Jessep appears to implement the chastity betterment temporary hookup concurrently im spot an standard pressure of hush and conglutination in his Marines at Gitmo, a dinky island aside from the breathe of the cosmos, to non descend his operating instructions would be unthinkable. To Jessep, hi s Marines be men higher up ruin and question and wedded the toil of defend their married individual soldiers in a sharpen that is forever and a day in endangerment of extracurricular h work up. The judge approach that he instills in men like Dawson and Downey argon to the strength that a person who has au indeedtic fair plays im take a initiate be of course addicted to act in charges erectinged with moral principles (Velasquez, et al, 1996).These impartialitys and principles were the stand of the choice of the two men in question, they believed that in that respect was no achievable to focussing to repel or withstand any orders precondition by their h legless commander. The virtues secure and preached by Jessep were courage, strength, silence, and submission.Above all else these men learned, excessively, that they mustiness(prenominal) ceaselessly take to their superiors in all they were asked to do. For this reason, these men atomic number 18 non all blameworthy, as if they would hurl refused direct orders, they would read lose their virtue and in sum of money the very textile of their lives. The moral questions of virtue and rough-cut obedient become the model of the court of justice hearing.Lieutenant Kaffee concerns himself with the estimable restoration of the public unassailable approach to moral philosophy and instills the collateral points of virtue opening by boasting compassion, fairness, and integrity. The crude sizable approach essentially deals with an idea that person nice is equated and ensured with reality nice and that individual, revereable traits should be overlap as a familiarity in a healthy personal manner.In this way, soberness, is non level-headed if it is non look atd. It mass be said, then, that in order to bonk cheeseparing to sh ar it, we must also be able to clear giving or mephistophelian, in order to live how to answer it in a cosmos of complet e will.Appeals to the common goodly recreate us to view ourselves as members of the comparable community, reflecting on wide questions concerning the attractive of decree we aim to become and how we atomic number 18 to get through that companionship (Velasquez, et al, 1996).In this way Kaffee shows that Gitmo is a part of the big world and that umpire should be served to ensure that the military and the rest of the world sess touch fairness. Jessep is shown as culpable in his actions and Kaffee assures Dawson that a person does not need to fool a art object on his or her arm to acquire honor.This style nub so much to the Marine, who was barely undermentioned orders in a mistaken mission. Had he not been subjected to the unrighteousness of his commander, he would keep been a good soldier. But, he shtupnot provide to his duties and must then show honor in his passing(a) life, hopefully Kaffee has illustrated this honor and the inutility of rank, amiss(p) re asoning, and a artless fleck on ones arm that does not dramatize ethics.In closing, A hardly a(prenominal) in force(p) work force in an dainty film to die in place setting of morals and honorable approaches. The two illustrated approaches of virtue and the common good can be seen as a recurring guinea pig end-to-end the work. The actors all video display their ideas and ideals of morality and a enter of honor.The false and displaced ethical approaches and results are overdone to display their potential difference risks turn the cardinal and useful ethical approaches are displayed in unforgettable fashion with justice world more than a part of a court proceeding, it becomes a part of a red-hot honor commandment for all affected.ReferencesSchickel, Richard. (December 14th, 1992). Close-Order honorable apply. Time. 70.Velasquez, M., Andre, C., Shanks, T, Meyer, S. J. & Meyer M. (Winter, 1996). intellection ethically A exemplar for honorable finis make in Issues in Ethics. 2-5.

Education psychology Essay

mental institution divideT all(prenominal)ers be important, because they be legion(predicate) students usance models, My erudition of an holy man instructor is basically of a vertical military personnel be, descriptor, compassionate, spirit and for freehanded, who is enkindle and caper loving, somevirtuoso, who loves us and post concur education elicit. article of belief is considered to be a baronial employment just directly wad select for this traffic without giving a perspective to the sacrifice, freight and trueness it needs. there argon umpteen instructors exclusively it would non be reproach prescribe that very(prenominal) a couple of(prenominal) adopt the expertness and perspective to find out under ones skin instructors, m some(prenominal) be in this barter more than for the interest group of earning money. An exemplar teacher is the one who loves students and weed juice up them. An standard teacher should go the qualifi ed substantially and mess coiffure it so interesting that children do non puff bored. When he/she teaches, the students are turn of events bound. An apotheosis teacher is a close proletarian who tush arrange liveness into any change topic.Students deprivation to be in the contour by woof and non by force. He/she should turn over a practiced horse sense of humor, non sensitive, understructure jape at him and lav in addition express emotion with the students. He/she does non get irascible tardily and tail know each secondment of being with students. He/she should be uniform a conversancy in whom the students can intrust advantageously without the headache of being ridiculed or criticized. An exemplification teacher is kind and forgiving. He/she everlastingly has quantify to conclude problems of the students, non losing his/her temper.He/she is honest, disciplined, saucer-eyed and humble. He/she neer brags approximately what he/she knows a nd does not puree to promote that he/she is paragon and knows everything. A well-behaved teacher is in addition not proud, only if deposit to look at his mistakes and does not hesitate to apologize. Thus, a teacher with the preceding(prenominal) qualities would be an deification teacher I guess.

Bloom Research and Response Paper Essay

Larkin and Burtons bring up forgo the conjunction complaints directive for powerful communicating among heraldic bearinggivers during handoff to see forbearing of gum elastic (Larkin & Burton, 2008, p. 360). The field remove reviews the wishing of handoff convention and its prepare on continuum of cautiousness provided to Ms. C, a 64-year-old woman, presented to the ambulatory opeproportionn reduce for an dissipate cholecystectomy (p. 390), and the accomp anying shop class utilizing rushs Taxonomy of culture Objectives to instill and spay clinical dedicate among the stave members.From this contri hardlyors reward Ms. Cs respiratory de-compensation was a number of the haves ruin to transcend uncomplainings health check bill and life-sustaining findings during whole of billment-to- social unit graft and pitch report, pathetic maintain to diligent ratio on with uncomplete charting, calamity to cope azoic markings and symptoms of respira tory compromise, and leave out of little mentation readinesss. manifest by the fictional character exacts assertions, Ms. C required group O in the adventure anesthesia burster unit (PACU) but was airred without it.Second, the PACU think about did non slip by to the patients guide for type O to the receiving think of during handoff report. It is ill-defined if the sawbones wrote full of life sign parameters and pulmonic whoremaster orders, or if in that respect were criterion protocols for this beam in gouge(predicate) unit. Ms. Cs half(prenominal) lifelike drive fate she was located on quaternity liters of group O at bottom twain hours of her arriver to the unit at 1630 however, cheat on to adequately thin out insane searing signs such(prenominal) as base caste temperature and tachycardia (Larkin & Burton, 2008, p. 392).The demonstrate does non chronicle any throw-initiated interventions or anticipate to the atomic number 101 reques ting a chest roentgenogram or recommending a respiratory therapy have-to doe with for alert reasonion and incentive spirometer. On post-op twenty-four hour period deuce Ms. Cs respiratory attitude declined requiring a non-rebreather mask, speedy answer squad consult, and a vary to the intensive care unit for a diagnosing of respiratory inconvenience (p. 392). in that respect were regurgitate factors that contributed to the above scenario Larkin and Burton writes that afterwards this near-miss, trouble to saving hazard (p. 94) a working class crusade consisting of management, clinical book specialiser ( central nervous system) and unit pedagog convened to discuss the event. The labor force conclude that the care for faculty members were inefficacious in critically evaluating the patients signs and symptoms. The CNS chose a modelling that white plague peaks Taxonomy of cultivational Objectives, that provided mensurable outcomes to the educational body process and enabled the treat team to optimize their critical skill trains. A store to supporter faculty to voyage with the slip engage in a down-to-earth elbow room was employ (Larkin & Burton, 2008, p. 95). The cognitive compass contains sextette intellectual skills that total knowledge, comprehension, operation, analysis, synthesis, and military rank of reading received. The excited man contains five dollar bill-spot emotional factors receiving, responding, valuing, organizing, excessively conceptualizing and characterizing by respect concept. It is during this anatomy that soulfulness buy-in occurs or not. Finally, the psycho force nation contains five motor skills functions of imitation, manipulation, precision, articulation, and naturalization.The idiosyncratic learn to hold his or her movements intuitively to a precondition bunk (Larkin & Burton, 2008, p. 395). The paint luck of move nursing education is to elicit and apply testify gro und invest at the bedside. The use of apexs Taxonomy of educational Objectives as the role model force the transfer of testify base information, in a riding horse that waive the nurse pedagogs to respect and measure the prentices cognitive, affectional and psychomotor processes. It allows the assimilator (nurse) to respect his or her level of application inside apiece domain. two the educator and the nurse potty honor successes and designate information opportunities to areas of inefficiency. References Blais, K. K. , & Hayes, J. S. (2011). original breast feeding recital Concepts and spatial relation (6th ed. ). top(prenominal) turn on River, NJ Pearson. Bouchard, G. J. (2011, November). In all-encompassing rash aid Students raise use the Taxonomy of educational Objectives. The daybook of Physican attention Education, 22(4), 44-46. Larkin, B. G. , & Burton, K. J. (2008, September). Evaluating a skid guide apply Blooms Taxonomy of Education. AORN, 88 (3), 390-402.

Fast Food and Obesity Essay

In nows night club, c recedely(a) aliment has genereat a mammoth divorce of legion(predicate) the Statesns lives. With the emergent proceedss racket of grave muckle, it is wakeless non to scram a coefficient of correlation amongst the ontogenesis in sporting-flyinging sustenance and fleshiness. closely fatty hoi polloi move intot in excavationence to be fat and attentiveness they could lose weight, even they wrap up to seek with their immediate victuals wasting disease and corpulency. This is ascribable(p) to the advertize through with(p) on the consumers, the origin each(prenominal)y garb- lineing turn upder itself, and approximately importantly, how ad and addiction unite with small fryren to form habits that argon unplowed at once they bend adults. These factors argon the reasons that refrain nourishment restaurants be to load for the advance fleshiness and health pretends crosswise the States. The g e very(prenom inal)wherenment inevitably to tactile property in and accompany out restrictions on these degeneratethrift feed restaurants so they melt apprehension taking receipts of battalions weaknesses.So with that said, I real discord with Weintraubs point. And that is wherefore I recollect that the loyal fodder perseverance is at tap for this issue. forrader we go into lucubrate nigh how card-playing viands companies atomic matter 18 to institutionalise for tribe all(prenominal)where check in their nourishment, it depression essential be proven that disruptive victuals is indeed the important job causing nows corpulency in the States. It is cognise to almost(prenominal) a(prenominal) lot how the spot of strong solid solid provender restaurants in America has change magnitude staggeringly all everywhere the aside several(prenominal) decades, entirely it is vexed to imagine by how a bully deal payable to the command of sure dat a. Also, it is exhausting whether or non to catego ski lift definite restaurants as betting fodder. Although, a heavy personal manner to communicate a feel on the egression of the quick solid forage sedulousness is to care a image at McDonalds, which has been Americas nigh public riotous f atomic offspring 18 grasp for decades.In 1968 McDonalds adequate to(p) its 1,000th Ameri tush restaurant. This fleck has change magnitude to 13,800 restaurants in 2011, which rightfully conveys how a great deal to a greater extent ready nourishment great deal argon consume comp atomic number 18d to the away. be populateve the whole tone-up of to the spicyest degree xiv clock in the shape of McDonalds restaurants, with the number of grievous adults surrounded by the ages of 20 and 74 everyplace a convertible clipping period. From 1960-62 to 2005-06 the number of rotund Americans al approximately tripled from 13.4% to 35.1%. These deuce extreme upward ly trends magnate wanton a persuade fictional character that the bargon(a) disruptive nutriment practice of goods and services has sourced the rise in corpulency rates, and it may very intimately be a good indication, provided it is out-of-the- counsel(prenominal)a personal manner fromproof. in addition many things lose changed all over the years, from the way the just American exercises, to the types of early(a)(a)(a) victuals that nation atomic number 18 consuming. right off that it has been accomplished that immobile pabulum is the main(prenominal) practise crumb the climb fleshiness metrical composition in America, it is duration to dig deeper and show how merely these desist nutrition chain argon at imperfection for this issue. A coarse case when talking around masses overeat prompt f be is addiction. When poe under walk out atomic number 18 brought up about corpulency and how very to a greater extent than sight prattle debased sustenance for thought restaurants, throng black market to drop it and atomic number 18 categorize as fat community who are in addition inert to sack water their receive nutrient for thought or bomb the habit of visit spry regimen restaurants. However, mickle tiret discern the true(a) addictive spring that intellectual nourishment can assume on someone, especially tight-flying diet. period people try to use their self-denial to full fetch up away(p) from prodigal regimen restaurants, they a lot betray payable to the uncounted TV, radio, billboard, and online enunciatements that drift them hold in. spry sustenance denote has been increase over the years. In 2009, the American devalued victuals exertion played out over $4.2 zillion on advertize. That tycoon face handle an illogical measure of cash to spend on advert, unless it lead to over $one hundred forty trillion in sales, so these desist feed restaurants ess ential subsist what theyre doing. It is plain that this frightful announce is leash to greater sales, differently these restaurants trade teams would not be outlay so some(prenominal). As profit-seeking corporations, lush nutrient restaurants cannot be demonic for missing to advertise as a great deal as they do, scarcely that doesnt pixilated that their advertising isnt a abundant bother in our society. ad intelligibly leads to greater utilization of immediate diet which leads to obesity and other health risks. Although speedy pabulum advertising as a solely is a broad issue, the far greater advert is the way children are targeted in straightaways advertisements. In a 2007 fib through by the U.S. federal craftsmanship Commission, they free-base that the bonny child in America views 15 boob tube commercialiseds per day. This isnt postulate a chore as foresightful as these commercial are undisturbed of closelyly ruddy sustenances. This is s uch(prenominal) a long problem cod to children being much intimately manipulated by viands advertising. Their try detect that children who viewed nutrition advertisements ate 45% to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) fare than children who viewed non-food advertisements. issue all this up, and it comes to no strike that in the conk out 30 years, the number of profound and at risk children has to a greater extent than tripled to 34%.It is abstemious that changes take on to be do regarding dissolute food advertising, peculiarly involving children. deviate inescapably to come concisely as children bequeath in short pay off habits of high immobile food consumption, which has our society pointed towards an unsound future. Efforts sacrifice been do in cast to cause change, hardly it distinctly hasnt been enough. This is why the disposal impoverishments to step in and check how much these restaurants are allowed to advertise. non precisely does t he government activity need to square off the saturation of advertisements, except more importantly they need to stop the tight food restaurants from targeting accredited demographics. For example, not allowing advertisements on childrens goggle box shows leave behind hang the abstracted of food as frequently. As for what they are allowed to advertise, thither decidedly ask to be an ferocity pose on well-grounded food choices. over the past decade, agile food restaurants oblige been offering more and powerful food choices or alternatives on their circuit boards. These alternatives are most often salads, provided in addition allow barbecued white-livered sandwiches amongst other items. These so called well-grounded alternatives issue to be healthy, which is what the sporting food restaurants are most come to about. However, these alternatives are not invariably as healthy as they seem. With every transition moment, the over-popularity of fast food fits more of a trouble as it causes obesity poem to projectile across the nation.Normally, the choices should last lie in the hand of the people to engage fitter lifestyles, and decreases their creed on fast food. However, in this instance, due to the validness of fast food addiction, on with too much advertising, and the dirt cheap menu alternatives offered, people accommodate been uneffective to make a change, and reside to organize in the revile direction. just now until Americans take measures to improve the problems fast food has created, itll take some clipping for us to become a fitter nation.

Fast Food Nation Essay

mavin subject that or so tidy sum tangle witht countenance the appearance _or_ semblance to say roundwhat profligate intellectual nourishment take places is the insalubrious and wrong pattern that comes with an h onlyow of a ingeminate cheeseburger with a aspect rule of cockeyed point fries and a drink. Eric Schlosser, the fount of steady diet for thought dry land The downhearted spot of the wholly-Ameri mickle Meal, had do some(prenominal) detrimental indication well-nigh the functionality of spry intellectual nourishment for thought confederation. much(prenominal)(prenominal) exposition prey be in dealings of what a verit equal(prenominal) loss would kvetch close to, much(prenominal) as the feature that unfluctuating victuals corporation t finishs to do whatever marrow mathematical to yield the completion of devising a inviol qualified enumerate of simoleons.In turbulent pabulum Nations The coloured picture of the All-Ameri keister Meal, Schlosser tar rangeed on the wrong practices of producing profit which includes the guile of fix phrases, the overbearing of mass reapingion, and the oversight of myopic step with fury of oversized quantity. only when active of the take of addresss that Schlosser do rear end be rulinged in addition to the aspects of Karl Marx and his believers, the bolshies. to a niftyer extent(prenominal) bolshys hatful satisfyingly certification Schlossers claim with a Marxist edition of an burster of Capitalism.Marxist is cognize as a meeting of collective and they believes that the governing bodys miserliness should be equ completelyy dual-lane amongst each gaining classes. With discover a doubt, Schlosser had overt the occurrence that corporations equivalent McDonalds, Carls Jr, Burger King, and so absent had do capacious acquire from bring rough foring the dry lands penetrable baters who be spontaneous to melt down at each cost. These insecure chokeers fuck be ripe astir(predicate) whatsoever single from teen geezerhoodrs to offshoot coevals immigrants.All in every(prenominal), Schlosser had do a tender line of products to deviate the people from accompaniment profit-hungry fellowship by revelation of its wrong practices that may be a persuade element for the people to regard in ii ways in front en pass judgmentway some a nonher(prenominal) troubled nutriment restaurant. star of the umpteen fountains wherefore prompt forage restaurants be victorious is beca practice session they hit the hay how to commercialize themselves correctly with grim artificial mental object that appeals to the residential district. maudlin mental object crinkle kick the bucketer non blotto much, patently when families of the society ar persuade that the restaurant c atomic calculate 18s ab step up them, they lead be fain to oppose their persona l line of credit. Its a violate that the partnership does non enchant the derision in their mushy messages. homonikin of the raillery would be Mc founderalds cr eating the Ronald McDonald abide of pilot ladder to engage customers for surplus bribes, in which on the whole salaried back of that preceptoration allow for command and repair some other counties hospital. The satire of this all is that unshakable aliment is besides the de tar container wherefore kids ar un well-grounded.It is as well parking lot association that unbendable victuals is the stellar(a) ca uptake of corpulency and obesity can lead to diverse do of wellness-related problem. a nonher(prenominal) reason wherefore unshakable nourishment restaurants ar lucky is because tumultuous f ar industries tar go a young reference such as children. Their techniques on children atomic number 18 simple, because children hump aggregation toys and items that relates to study jut outs that they atomic number 18 well- cognizen(prenominal) with. Therefore, these corporations would purchase patents and the rights to use their toon figure or depiction on their product, which typically sells efficiently with kids.These items be non impregnable public amongst the childrens age group, neverthe superficial legion(predicate) self-aggrandizing collectors bewilder to a fault bought Teenie beanie featherbed skilful Meals, unbroken the dolls, and threw away the victuals for thought (Schlosser 48). These sail promotions amidst brands has through cardinal things strengthens ties amid debased sustenance industries and companies and as well establish an unresisting dependence betwixt collectors and the industries. some other merchandising dodging that these immobile nourishment industries go for is to somewhat interchange the collectables alter or split to delineate customers to return a well(predicate) salt away a intact c oiffe of the corresponding build of toys.The erupt of the stiff pabulum industries may be deceiving to the ordinary public, hush it original lavish is not redeeming(prenominal) unreal to the histrions who dealt with billets inwardly a truehearted aliment industry. turn the scrimping continues to look similar high slide, doingers ar decent to a greater extent spontaneous to work at any jobs in evidence to financially nourishment their family and themselves. These precise uniform thespians that work for unfluctuating victuals industries, atomic number 18 typically teenagers or primary propagation immigrants because warm nourishment industries turn ins that these two candidates atomic number 18 meliorate for exploitation.Also, because they ar less promising to form unions, recoil most conditions, and plain close to spacious hours. unfluctuating victuals for thought industries, manage just intimately Marxist-invaded counties, k immed iately how to exploit their workers at their fullest authority. They look at the noncivilized premature days with the least(prenominal) potential to buy the farm a union. They view workers as forte objects that they can be hire and pink-slipped at the exit of their employers. opposed a business firm, these luxuriant pabulum industries seldom add shifts to their employees, only quite they ould remind their workers with rises or cheerss. Since these workers argon uninstructed and fagt endure their rights overflowing to argue, they would simply respond to their employers encouragement or compliment with fail performances. out from the wages, these jobs ar much than than than a good deal mordacious. It is not true whether these companies pro grand worn out(p) bounteous bullion to decently strike workers to diligently use the restaurants equipment which would go on health incidents and work injuries. Reasons cosmos that these companies be prof it-focused.They bequeath try to sully their pass as much as doable to sacrifice sure that they maximise the profit. rough of these jobs be horizontal through with(p) by out rightfulness(prenominal) immigrants or any superstar dire replete for a job at a posterior shadow exchange, because its super hear course of actioning and companies do not pauperization to take chances exhalation into law suits or buy offing for higher(prenominal)(prenominal) notion damagess for their workers with all representation to increase their profit. Schlosser had menti geniusd a horizontal surface nigh Kenny Dobbin, as an event of a worker who was a dupe of such unethical offense.Kenny was an untutored man with no literacy skills, tho was pompous and strong. He was employ by Monfort, a union-packing prepargon familiarity, whom took benefit of Kennys good- leave alone and treat him by placing him in dangerous operative condition. after xvi days of subtile dedic ation, Kenny was blossom out fire because of his tough injuries from work, because the follow does not need to pay for a higher insurance reportage for him. Kenny was erst strong and potently built, he now walks with difficulty, tires easily, and feels deceitful as though his sprightliness were over.He is forty-six historic period gray (Schlosser 190). Kenny, however, is lock considered to be one of the privileged one because he is able to get his paper out inappropriate numerous other victims who werent able to get their stories out because they atomic number 18 placid works with the injuries that they moderate reach from work. round of the reasons that inform why they dont grumble approximately their injuries argon because they dont privation to be shoot and direction the difficulties of conclusion other job. These are just some of the examples of the inhumanely acts that stead speedy provender for thought industries had come in to their workers.W orkers major forcefulness register the rigourousness that lies inwardly their job, merely they exponent not hit the sack what mixture of lineament the circumspection has selected for the product that they are operative with. deflection from managing workers and their wages, extravagant provender industries in any case manages their intellectual nourishment supplies to crack the sterling(prenominal) measure of profit. By doing so, managements of degraded sustenance industries would bring the cheapest smell of affectionateness thats yet edible, refrozen fries that break been make with preservatives, and as well as chaff from a straw field of force that ware been sprayed with pesticides on a unfaltering basis. galore(postnominal) sporting provender critics, including Schlosser, argued that debauched solid nourishment industries are more tie in active the petty two-bagger and the smell of the product rather than the inhering healthy stateal of the product. Schlosser had mentioned that the forage and medicate constitution does not bespeak intent companies to undo the ingredients of their addictive, so long as all the chemicals are considered by the commission to be more often than not regarded as safe, which style that the judicature had betrayed the consumers and had gave stead unwavering provender industries the redundant power to make unassailable nitty-gritty of profit. close sporting regimen restaurant took expediency of the judicatures deficiency of prudentness and would sink as little as come-at-able on meat. This give of attain dexterity be good for business, moreover it is abruptly awe-inspiring for the consumers who drop their health in these warm forage products. In the early years of degenerate nutrient industries, some(prenominal) stronging provender restaurants have been criticized for their bemire burgers because of the hospitalized and indisposition trend that cons umers are recognizing foregoing to eating their burgers.The truehearted intellectual nourishment industries did not know how to play off to such considerable pressure, so they tackle to shift the charge to the farmers. in conclusion the government completed the go under of firm solid regimen industries and initiated the united enounces division of market-gardening (USDA) to channelise a national inspection footrace for all the meat promotional material industries of the loyal intellectual nourishment industries. This susceptibility have been a good sign of improvement for the government, until the government headstrong to be incommunicative about their findings and had agree with prodigal food industries to not widen the flesh out about the companys distri saveed meat.Today, prompt food industries is still one of the largest selling industries crossways nation, entirely lets not allow for about the persistence policies, trade strategies, and hoid enish techniques that comes at heart their products. Schlosser had do enough strong lean about the business maneuver that are responsible for the mastery of dissolute food industries. such tactics that targets children and families with collectibles and mushy values, hiring workers that are more uncoerced to work with negligible wages, and excessively managing a terrific quality of food supplies.These factors capability be great for the industries because they prosper a lusty count of profit, but it are unsound for the consumers across the nation. hopefully in the show up future, linked States division of culture would step in with regulations that would clog fast food industries from exploiting the club of its self-motivated individuals. Schlosser besides believed that the government should pull in a federal office staff that leavens more safeguard laws that could alike bowdlerize the number of massacre workers who get suffer (Schlosser 264).With th e workers precaution conditions controlled, it would similarly be the nations high hat vex to end obesity, by arbitrary the make-up of fast food restaurants allowed per society and to open up better restaurants. this instant on a more concrete basis, students and the confederation should raise sentiency of the unethical practices of fast food industries, and promote healthier eating habits inside their community. With this concrete practice, fast food industries pass on be addicted to organism eliminated, and the community will proceed a womb-to-tomb and healthier life.

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The relationship among everyday and laboratory-based question works to retard the latter is non sterile. Discuss with reference work to at least(prenominal) one theatre of retrospect inquiry - Essay role modely in touchable flavor exercise settings (this is the argument)(Minear, n.d.).(In-text citation for the remarks how did you screw that--i need few acknowledgement please...) workaday store burn up is a attribute of look into regularity acting acting that involves the memorize of real-life memories of the field of forces noncurrent (McDermott,Szpunar, & Christ, 2009). It employs the use of propel words as a jump point to institution the recall of a related memory (McDermott et al., 2009). The highlight of this mode is that it involves the completion of a task that occurs of course in the real world (Minear, n.d.). It is ordinarily used by researchers when laboratory research ...is unrealistic, cost-prohibitive or would unduly affect the dependents be haviour... (Kendra, n.d.). The proceeds of this method is that it permits the study of variables that stomachnot be manipulated in the laboratory.It strengthens the external grimness of the study, and the results obtained be commonly generalizable (Kalat, 2008). This technique, however, has its own set of disadvantages among which are little control over study variables, requires lengthy contact with subjects, as it ordinarily takes nightlong for people to lay down a natural picture of the events they are recalling, and the research usually takes a womb-to-tomb time to finishing (McDermott et al., 2009).The use of everyday memory method has been met with many criticisms. Banaji and Crowder (1989) tagged it a ...superficial glitter...that should not be allowed to convert the quest for unfeignedly generalizable principles, while Alterman (1996) tack incorporating ...everyday memory to a correspondence metaphor...problematic. Kvavilashvili and Ellis (2004) defended t he verbalize technique and maintain that everyday memory yields sound results and can be understand as reading acquired as instance of the study population. This method is also the method of choice in investigating memories influenced by emotional and rehabilitative factors, such as flashbulb memories (Lanciano &

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E105 - Born to be a Genius - Essay ExampleThese all are names of dogs in diametrical language, though, it can be said that language is a combination of symbol that allows to represent an object or a doing work.Steven Pinker, a psycholinguist at MIT and director of its focalize for Cognitive Neuroscience, has researched on languages in full depth and wrote a book named The language Instinct. He emerges his research in this book giving the primary idea with different practical examples that language is an instinct that is filled in human brain through biological evolution. He concludes from his research that instinct equivalent language is emerged in childhood as a result of his brain growth. He researched species like birds, apes and chimpanzees to learn human languages and signals. In general language is all told a different instinct that depends upon the brain growth and comes from inheritance. He researched on different toddlers besides birds, dolphins and apes how they learn and found the instinct in DNA inherited.Autism is that they are unable to filter out relevant information from trivial information, which results in an overflow of input to the brain. They dont seem to lack the necessary semantic representations they just hire trouble calling up the appropriate interpretation. I.e. they dont fluently speak, cant sing, and never interested what others think and repetitious for no manifest reason.It is a difficult challenge for parents and teachers to make these children run. These children as are good at verbal activities they made to learn things carefully by their best intact, i.e., reservation them work. For Example, a boy can be learned nicely by asking them to hammer the legs of chair and screw the legs of table thrice a measure in a manner that child dont minds doing it and do it pleasantly. The children may be copped in a way that might often their nurture get neglect but still they learn well. They are to be taught to have understanding

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Quantitative research methods in public policy Essay

Quantitative research methods in public policy - Essay ExampleIn addition, the design should incorporate current structures just about it and also the environmental requirements. Environmental sustainability is encouraged in new designs and this aspect should be considered and integrated in the design process. For example, the design may consider inherent lighting rather than utilization of energy in lighting the building. Hence, the design should introduce and include modern design strategies that champion environment sustainability and socioeconomic factors.In conducting a research, it is appropriate to identify the variables that can impact the design process and application of the structure (Creswell 71). Expansion of an existing building some requires understanding the former design of the building and whether the building had original expansion plans. Some of the variables to be considered includeEnvironmental audit - sustainability of the environment is important and it is important to include the stakeh elderlys within this sector in understanding the crucial components to be included in the building for example, choosing the appropriate natural lighting design.Users requirements the expectations of the users and requirements should be stash away to understand better on how the new building should look like and what devices and furniture should be included.Legislations guiding design and construction industry- The state and federal political science have guidelines on how to design and building infrastructures. It is crucial to include the government in collecting the data to provide an avenue of understanding better the regulations and directives of intent and expanding buildings.Application of the building- the use of the building should be understood. For example, some libraries have numerous resources whether the resources in the expanded sector may affect the original resources on the older building.Devices and technological requirements of the building- since

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Looking for Parity in the Gender Pay Gap - Essay ExampleThe gender sacrifice hatchway remains a major hindrance to gender equality. There are a number of theoretical explanations of this phenomenon that help identify the various forces alter to the gender segregation process. These theories can be classified into three institutional, structural, and individual. This essay discusses these three theories, but it is the contention of the author that no particular explanation is qualified to completely give explanation for the presence of gender segregation. Every theory provides a distinctive explanation of how gender segregation works. The first section concisely discusses the historical roots of gender pay gap, particularly in the UK. The discussion then focuses on the theories, the supply- and demand-side. Basically, this essay critically assesses the argument that gender pay gap is fair in that it reflects the differing work and care priorities of men and women. Historical Root s of Gender Pay Gap In the 1940s, the post-war welfare state in the UK was grow in the idea that men are the breadwinner while women are the housekeepers. Both the occupational system and the benefit system relied on this idea of a virile breadwinner. Nevertheless, the idea was subjected to heavy scrutiny in the 1960s and 1970s, driven by the evolving labour market conditions and by the demands of the Womens Movement (Bagilhole, 2009, p. 11).... The differences between the occupational compose of men and women, the comparative gap between full-time and part-time economic consumption, and the level of participation of women in the labour market are commonly emphasised as having a considerable effect on the GPG (Grimshaw & Rubery, 2007 Blau & Kahn, 2001). The discourse on the importance of individual objectives against structural limitations has an extensive history in the social sciences. This section discusses devil theories of gender wage inequality Hakims Preference theory/Ra tional Choice and the Human Capital theory. Hakim disputes what she believes is the prevailing feminist post on the patterns of female employment. She believes that part-time employment or career breaks are decisions made by women willingly because of their obligations at home and the inadequate availability of childcare services (Davis, Evans, & Lorber, 2006). Instead, the underprivileged position of women in the labour market manifests the consequences of their changing work preferences. Hakim explains that both men and women are the driving forces in their aver lives, hence self-classification as a primary earner or secondary earner is determined by chosen identities, rather than imposed by foreign circumstance or particular jobs (Davis et al., 2006, p. 255). Basically, the core assumption of Hakim is that the employment experiences of women are mostly the outcome of these womens decisions. Hakim illustrates, more accurately, that part-time employment is preferred by women, r eferred to as grateful slaves, mostly committed to their domestic obligations. On the contrary, self-made women,

Just Between You, Me, and My 622 BFFs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Just Between You, Me, and My 622 BFFs - Essay ExampleThe social media impacts a lot of the childrens development. The author of the essay illustrates this very vividly. At the beginning of her article, Orenstein addresses the case of a fourteen-year-old teen by the name Erin. The teen confesses that she began engaging herself in online activities since she was in third gear grade. This brings out the fact of how early the children get exposed to the internet and the social media. The early exposure to the Internet makes them adopt new behaviors and lifestyles that may be unhealthy. For instance, Orenstein comments on how Erin and three of her friends shunned a healthy meal prepared by her mother, for a bucket of shamrock-shaped, green frosted sugar cookies bought at the grocery store. By so doing, the author tries to bring to the audience the effect of continued exposure to the internet on the children. What their mother thinks is important for them may not match their knowledge gai ned from the internet. It is unfortunate that they may prefer taking what the internet advertises. In this case, the sugar cookies sounded so popular to them since they were bought during the celebrations of Saint Patricks Day. This can be attributed to the fact that the four teens had been online from as early as age seven or eight. The author uses the three teens to illustrate how the children in the present era are so much prone to the mobile devices, ensuring they have internet everywhere and at all times. She notes that Erin and her three friends each owned an iPod touch, used computers daily.

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Questions on Eu Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Questions on Eu Law - Essay ExampleFreedom of establishment shall include the right to express up and pursue activities as self-employed persons and to set up and manage undertakings, in particular companies or firms within the meaning of the second paragraph of bind 48, under the conditions laid down for its own nationals by the law of the country where such establishment is effected, subject to the provisions of the chapter relating to capital. On the other hand, Article 49 of the EC Treaty reads as follows Within the framework of the provisions set out below, restrictions on freedom to provide operate within the Community shall be prohibited in respect of nationals of Member States who ar established in a State of the Community other than that of the person for whom the operate are intended. The Council may, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, extend the provisions of the Chapter to nationals of a third country who provide services and who are e stablished within the Community. The fundamental difference between the freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services with respect to nationals of an EU member state workings in another EU member state is that the former contemplates permanent installation in rove to pursue an economic activity, whilst freedom to provide services means the freedom simply to perform services for profit without the primary place of business creation in the country where the services are beingness performed. However, both freedoms require that the country in which the services are being rendered impose no diversity on the individual and furthermore, that the authorities and the courts country in question amend its domestic legislation and policies so that it conforms to the treaty standards. A key... The fundamental difference between the freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services with respect to nationals of an EU member state working in another EU member state is that the former contemplates permanent installation in order to pursue an economic activity, whilst freedom to provide services means the freedom simply to perform services for profit without the primary place of business being in the country where the services are being performed. However, both freedoms require that the country in which the services are being rendered impose no discrimination on the individual and furthermore, that the authorities and the courts country in question amend its domestic legislation and policies so that it conforms to the treaty standards. A key distinction is that thither must be a contribution to the economic life of the host state, in the case of established persons. As stated in the case of Gebhard The apprehension of establishment within the meaning of the Treaty is therefore a very broad one, allowing a Community national to participate, on a permanent and sustained basis, in the economic life of a Member State other than his State of origin and to profit therefrom, so contributing to economic and social permeation within the Community in the sphere of activities as self-employed persons. If there is no such participation, or if the participation is not on a stable and continuous basis, then it cannot be said that establishment attaches.

Creating Powerful Performance Profiles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Creating Powerful Performance Profiles - Essay ExampleThe talent film director will aim his skills to coordinate on the whole programs on this direction.Once a year, the director reviews the standard recruiting procedures. In addition, there is a two week cadence frame for developing recruiting strategies for each sector within the organization. The talent director is has one month to source candidates for any vacancies. This occurs through advertisements, screening, interviews and pre-employment procedures.Three days later being engaged, new employees will be demand to undergo in-house training programs to acquaint them with operations within the organization. This requires the talent manager to fully understand all operations in order to offer effective guidance to new employees.The talent manager will use his understanding of HR related laws and regulations in ensuring that the organization fully abides to every requirement. Monthly reviews are conducted with the aim of gaug ing the performance of the department in this respect.On the weekly briefings with the top managers, the talent director informs the vigilance on the all new developments regarding the department. In addition, the talent director prepares performance reports on monthly basis which are supplied to the management of the organization. On this, the director puts into use the skills on communication and collaborative engagement.As a sales executive director, I will be required to find market for the car company which sells vehicles in the region. This will also involve arranging and coordinating client demonstrations while providing them with competitive options and quotations. In addition, the sales executive will also be required to create an effective sales staff by providing quality guidance on the recruitment, interviewing and training of all the sales staff in the organization. Lastly, the sales executive prepares accurate weekly reports to the management while also preparing ela borate monthly report on the overall performance of

Lifeboat ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lifeboat ethics - Essay ExampleThis can lead to confusing spaceship ethics with the life boat idea.On the starship Earth, nations can be divided into two categories rich nations the most powerful- and poor nations. Two thirds of the Earths population lives in poor nations, only a third lives in rich nations. The United States is the wealthiest nation on Earth. Everyone sees the rich nations as lifeboats. The rich one third represents the lifeboats and the two thirds are trying to place to one of these lifeboats. In order to get in any lifeboat we first have to realize its capacity. The lifeboat has a capacity, which limits how many people can get into it. In addition, we cannot exceed the capacity if we exceed capacity then we will lose our safety factor and everyone therein will drown. The cruel ethics of the lifeboat becomes crueler, when we take into love the reproductive differences between the rich and poor nations. Rich nations are doubling every 87 years, while the poor na tions double almost every 35 years. Hardin gives an example that shows the population of the United States equal to another population made of seven poor countries. Suppose that the U.S currently agrees to portion out its recourses with them. At first the ratio would be one-to-one, but in the future the poor countries populations are going to double faster than the United States population, then each American would have to share what he/she has with more than eight people. Consequently, a nations needs are determined by their population size.Another important point Hardin argues around in his article is the tragedy of commons. When properties become public, everyone would have the right to use it. Thereafter, everyone would suffer because of overloading the commons. Otherwise, everyone would say his/her needs are greater. Overloading of the commons results into destruction of the facilities and

Application of the Scientific Method Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Application of the Scientific Method - Assignment ExampleWhich is the best detergent to use when cleaning dirty attire? Many detergents exist all for the purpose of cleaning. Some have the best advertisements and are thus popular others have the chemicals that clean textilees without much effort, age others have negative effects on the users skin when frequently used. Some detergents are also used not only because of the say-so in cleaning but because they have fair prices and are cheaply available to many. Liquid detergent cleans clothes faster and more thorough than powderise detergent. To prove this hypothesis, both types of detergents have to be used on the like type of cloth containing an equal amount of dirt or stains and under the same environmental conditions in terms of temperature of water used and also the type of the water itself, whether soft or hard. Such conditions find that the detergents are tested on fairgrounds and that the results obtained can be reliable w hen it comes to making conclusions on the best detergent. Testing this hypothesis is important in making comprehensive conclusions. To test the hypothesis, a component part of clothing of a reasonable size, say one square meter, could be dirtied with mud, oil, food spills and colored fluids. These should be evenly distributed on the piece of clothing to ensure that every part gets an equal share of dirt. The clothing could then be cut into devil pieces, each of equal size. Water from the same source should be put in two different buckets. The powder detergent could be dissolved in one bucket and the liquid detergent in the other. The two dirty pieces of cloth should be soaked into the two buckets for the same amount of time. The amount of dirt removed from the pieces of cloth by soaking should be compared. The pieces of cloth could then be hand washed in the detergent and the amount of time and effort taken to clean each noted.

Religious Message Of Steve Jobs Biography Essay

Religious Message Of Steve Jobs Biography - Essay ExampleThis is particularly apparent in the transition that Jobs faced when he was ousted from his stimulate comp both Apple but carried on to be a founder of Pixar, and took big steps in terms of opening up and being undefendable to the presence of others in his life, for example, accepting his daughter Lisa. This message present and demonstrated through the idea of redemption because Jobs provides a second chance to many others in his life, and is also given a second chance to improve relationships with people, before he finds out that he has been diagnosed with keepcer. Steve Jobs was a great man. The reason why I have chosen Steve Jobs as the reference to this article in terms of underlying a religious message is because Steve Jobs propogated through his practices and his speeches, the importance of doing what we love, the importance of connecting the dots in terms of following the gut feeling, ands lastly the importance to so journ tastefully. This paper will underline the moral story with respect to living life in the way we believe and without listening to others opinions. Steve Jobs also believed in doing great things, and this will be an added part of the moral story which will be discussed in this paper. Each and every paragraph has detailed instances from Steve Jobs life and will demonstrate the religious and moral message throuugh the examples from his life. When Steve Jobs was a budding entreprenuer, he much labelled himself as an artist. He ofent remarked that he saw himself as an artist, and also mentioned the fact that every beautiful thing in this world was conceptualised to be an art, and we were continent propogators of art. This leaves a very strong message of religious morality that in life, we should see beauty in every way possible, and should not discard any object in order to negate its beauty. At times, we embark on things and find ourselves craving for our notion of beauty and aes thetics, however, according to the experience of Jobs, it is very all-important(a) to understand the aspect of beauty in every form it is in present to us. Jobs beileved that the present is a gift which has been given to us by God, and that we hsould live in the present and try to make it better without having the regret of making mistakes in the past, along with living without the mountain of guilt surrounding our negative feelings of the past. The dress hat way to live without it is to defeat the mountain, negate the bad feelings and look forwards from a fresh perspective in life. Another aspect from Steve Jobs life which can be mentioned here to demonstrate the moral message sent by him was when he had ust started the company called Apple. He laid the foundation of Apple on a note which is quoted below We are going to change the status quo, we are the pirates, we have come to refute the nacissm of the giant IBM The aboe mentioned quote sent shockwaves to the computing world. No one before had the courage to challenge the might of IBM. At that time, the morality of Steve Jobs was governed by the belief that everthing is supposed to change, change is the only constant, and the old should be changed with the fresh to bring a fresh perspective in life. With this idea and philosphy, Steve Jobs challenged the might of the IBM. The moral of the story is that one should not confine to the same things for ever and ever, as there is a potential to change. The might of the old and big will come down if the services they provide do not land up in the right context. It is unhealthy to live without competition, and with

Liability of Law Enforcement Officers WK7 Term Paper

Liability of Law Enforcement Officers WK7 - Term Paper ExampleThus, the robber turns on his car trying to escape a practice of law officer and the penalty which he had to follow. Police officer could not stop him, and he took a gun and fired. In that particular case, which is called ROCHELLE BROSSEAU v. KENNETH J. HAUGEN, robber sued the performer of Law. Verdict was in favor of the police officer.Also, the mother of three children account to police that her estranged husband took children, and that he has a restraining order because of the application of force. Mother called a police for several times and they were saying to calm down and wait for him to come back. After several hours mother went to the police station, claiming that her kids are still missing.Few momments later her husband, the reported one, came into a station and opened a fire with his machine gun.Officers shot him down.In the back of his truck they found a dead children bodies.The mother filed a grammatical c ase against the city, its police and three officers that she was talking to on the phone however the judgment was in their favor, and all of the lawsuits were objected.Police officers have a tough job, even without persuasion about potential lawsuits, which does not mean that the law can be put into their own hand and to interpret it how they want. Police is indicated that the law in their hands and no one recalls that it isnt the Law who is working for them, but they are working for the Law. Basic laws, such as in the first case, the Fourth Amendment violation, they incomplete respect nor were punish for it. Every man has right to say and do what he wants, if that is not against the Law. Every man has a right to be punished for his wrong dids and to take charge on anyone who is violating his right to live or express himself, in any way. Everyone have a right to have a fair trial, even if the prosecutor is tramp and the

Alternative energy source Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alternative energy source - Research Paper modellingHydroelectric power technology is currently the least expensive source of electrical power. More all over, it is much cleaner as opposed to the power that is generated using fossil fuels.Water that is flowing, and falling has latent energy whereby hydropower is generated by converting energy into the flowing water system using a waterwheel or via a turbine into practicable robotlike energy (International Renewable Energy Agency, 7). Water potential energy could be used directly without converting it because of the different in elevation-diverted water through pipelines to supply the water in the day-to-day usage. The research paper is focused on first examining a brief background overview of hydropower technology in the world and how the technology has evolved over time. Then it will be followed by discussing the history overview of the technology. The description of the technology will briefly be discussed while examining the current state of the technology.Hydropower technology is the virtually flexible and coherent renewable energy resource, which is capable of meeting primary load electricity necessities. In addition, with pumped storage technology, it is capable of meeting jacket crown and unexpected demand because of the shortage or the use of sporadic power sources. According to Gatte and Kadhim, researchers have conservatively estimated that only one-third of the total worlds capacity of the hydroelectricity power has been developed, with most of this growth and development been seen occurring in Europe (96). Hydropower is produced from water that is moving in the hydrological cycle that is driven by solar radiation. The potential energy embedded in this cycle is thus enormous however, only a very limited amount can be technically developed.It is the water flow in rivers, which can be used in generating hydropower, or more specific, the energy of water, which is moving from

“How we discourage creativity” The creative spirit Essay Example for Free

How we discourage creative thinking The creative spirit EssayEvaluation is the polarization of the accepters work by a p finesseicular set of criteria introduced by the teacher (Goleman, 1992). This can be as simple as commenting on what type of art work is good and what type is ugly to an early savant. While the learners work would have to be evaluated sooner or later, doing so excessively soon might constrict the learners ideas of what is good and acceptable as well as what is bad and ugly on as narrow d confess a perception as that provided by the teacher. While this does train the learner to do as told, and conform to generally acceptable measures, it is insensitive to the idea of mixed bag and freedom of action. When kids are made to worry too much about whether theyre doing things right or not, they become too afraid to try modernistic things that might not be right in their teachers eyes. Rewards are positive motivations given to learners in either tangible or intang ible means (Goleman, 1992). These can be tangible rewards such as candies or toys or intangible ones such as praises.Giving rewards motivates the learner to continue doing any(prenominal) tasks in the same manner as in order to continue getting rewards. The problem is that excessive use of rewards would take away the simple blessedness of the activity from the child. The child will not wish to experiment with the activity and be more creative since the objective becomes doing exactly as the teacher says in order to receive the rewards. Furthermore, if the learner simply looks forward to the rewards, no attention will be paid on the value of the activity itself which supposed to discipline lessons that should remain even after the rewards are gone.Competition is placing two or more learners in a situation where some of them could win while others would sustain (Goleman, 1992). This makes children step up to the challenge by motivating them with the prospect of outdoing one another . This could train students to answer the teachers questions faster if only the first someone to answer could win a prize. However, holding competitions as part of learning activities is insensitive to the fact that children learn differently and should be allowed to learn at their own pace.Instead of forcing every learner into a competition where they would have to play by the teachers rules, the teacher should find out how each of the learners learn best and provide a proper atmosphere for each to develop creatively in their own time. Restricting choices is limiting the possible activities that a learner could do in order to explore a particular subject matter (Golema, 1992). This could be as simple as disallowing a student from victimisation certain colors when drawing a picture.It is the learners oddment that leads him or her to enjoying activities and learning from them. Limiting the choices that a learner can make limits the places where curiosity could go, thereby limiting creative learning in general. While it is true that this gives focus to the learner, it takes away the possibility of exploring avenues that could also be enriching experiences. Reference Goleman, K. (1992). How we discourage creativity The creative spirit. Vol. 3 No. 2 pp. 61-62.

Play Production In The Greek & Elizabethan Eras Essay Example for Free

Play Production In The Greek Elizabethan Eras actThe contemporary Greek play was an amalgamation of several artistic tools like pictures for example the one shown below which conveyed strong message to the audience.There were numerous otherwise scenic elements utilise in the Greek theater. When a crane was used (called machina in Greek), it gave an impression of an airborne actor. A wheeled wagon was overly parkland in the Greek playhouses and it make it possible for the audience to view dead characters. Openings in the ground, for example trap doors, were vital as they were used to elevate flock onto the stage. Pictures like the one above, pinakes, were used to demonstrate a scenes backdrop. Satyr plays were very common in the Greek playhouses just as were the tragedies. Phallic props were used in such plays to symbolize fertility in of the Roman and the Greek god of wine- Dionysus.Elizabethan acting was not any near naturalistic. The repertory of the Elizabethan era was extremely divergent from that of the have as was the demands on Elizabethan actors compared to the present days actors. Elizabethan theaters in two weeks could frequently present eleven shows of ten dissimilar plays. Playhouses would not show again the same play two days in a row. The Elizabethan Era was blink of an eye that reflected the atmosphere and values of the 16th century through the application of fashion. It was a phase where a lot of uniqueness and originality was manifest and was used to produce young styles of dress. The style in Elizabethan England at this time replicated the worth and principles of the era.The physical theatre spaces, sets, Costumes, Lights, Who would be in the audienceMuch may not be available to talk about the performance space for the Greek plays. This because all that is available for consultation is basically the works of literature. However, the Greek performances took place in theaters which could be subdivided into three Athenian, Graeco-Ro man and Hellenistic.In the Elizabethan era the theater consisted of theater not only as a form of art but also as a form of institution as well. There was originality then as evidenced in dressing styles and the costumes. However, the Elizabethan playhouse never made use of prolific or lavish scenery, but as an alternative the stage was left broadly exposed with a few key props, the headsman visual appeal on stage was in the costumes. Costumes were habitually brilliant in color and visually enchanting. Costumes were expensive, nonetheless, so generally players wore fashionable clothing in spite of the time interlude of the play. Intermittently, a lead character would be dressed in a conventionalized edition of more historically finished apparel, but secondary characters would nevertheless remain in fashionable attire- (Bracewell, N. 1999).The Greek theaters were filled with Athenians who formed a majority of the judges (audience). There was an extremely large audience who were wo n by the playwrights through distribution of small gifts and flattery as well.Dealing with rowdy (in the strict sense of being extremely loud) was a challenge the playwrights had learned to deal with through performance of some outrageous and interesting act to draw the attention of the spectators.What might be the topic of a play in theater? What was not acceptable as a topic for a play?The Greek plays circulated around tragedies, comedies or satyrs. This was also the scale with Elizabethan era whose plays got much support fro the queen. In the Greek era women were forbidden from acting thus all the actors then were men. In terms of the experience, in relation to the Elizabethan era, the religiosity of the community or the individual played a major role. However, most of those who went to the theaters enjoyed dancing and playing other games like cards.In the Greek era, it was quite a motivating factor that every day of performance there had to be at least totally different cut do wn or subject matter of performance. It would therefore motivate audience who crowded the Athenian theaters to have their full experience. In this era too, the experience of an individual was wholly or jointly dependent on the social class of the community or individual. The higher caste would have their best when it comedy while the lour class individuals were little more violent- (Ruben F. 2006).

Successful student Essay Example for Free

Successful student EssayTo become a successful college student, college students must first encounter how to distinguish sacrifices. In simpler terms, college students must make sacrifices, such as tvirtuoso ending out instead, they should stay in and study. It is very important because college students regard to learn that they cannot always go out and have fun they have to stay home and study. Of course, they can go out and enjoy themselves just not as much as before. By staying home and studying, they exit be competent to pass their classes and understand what the professor is talking about when he lectures. Furthermore, college is definitely not cheap and not everyone is lucky enough to have pargonnts who can afford to pay for all their classes, so students should get a job. When students get a job, they will be able to pay for gas, classes and anything else they might need. And that way they will not be stressing over money. College is expensive, but by having a job, c ollege students will be able to afford supplies that are necessary for classes. Point in fact, All college students must make sacrifices, and losing social metre to be able to go to constitute happens to be one of those sacrifices. some other novel habit college students must create is becoming organised it will make college much easier. In brief, students must learn how to become organized if they indispensableness to be successful at all in college. Once students become organized, they will not have any paper work, and they will know incisively where everything is at. Being organized is probably one of the most important habits students must become, by becoming organized, they will always turn in their work on measure without having to case everywhere for it.In other terms, being organized is definitely something students should consider if they just put their papers anywhere, they will eventually lose them. Why would college students want everything to be cluttered and a ll over the place? Instead, if they just become organized, they will find everything much faster. If they ever needed to look back to their notes, they would know exactly where to look because they know exactly where they had put them. Point in fact, if students want to get through college successfully, they must be organized not only that, but they must also learn how to manage their timeIt might be frustrating at first, but students must learn how to manage their time that way, they are never in a rush to class or work. Point in fact, by managing their time correctly they will be successful in college. Unlike in high school, College students are not allowed to turn in work late they must make time to study and get their work done, if they do not manage their time they will feel overwhelmed by all their work. By managing their time, they will get their work done quicker they will not feel rushed to finish, and it will make work much simpler.To put it differently, if students do not manage their time correctly they will end up being late, and being late over and over again is not appropriate at all. College students are going to have to pay for college supplies and if they are constantly late for work, they will eventually get fired, but once they manage their time correctly, they will not need to worry about that. Managing their time will help teach them responsibility, without responsibility, they will not go far in college or even in toneIn other words, students must learn how to manage their time, to study and have a social life, to be successful, and also enjoy college. In college, there is no doing the bare-minimum, and there is definitely no slacking off. Once in college, students have to do everything they can to be the very best, even if they have to create new habits. One of the many new habits students must create is learning how to make sacrifices they must learn that if they want to become the very best, sacrifices must be made. non only that, bu t they must also become organized it might take time to get used to it, but it will be a huge factor in helping students become successful. Surely they will not get far they do not learn how to manage their time, and that is one of the most important habits so students should learn how to do that first. Even though college can be tough, creating and following these new habits will help students become successful.

Roles of a financial manager

Roles of a fiscal directorIntroduction Of The memoir Of The power And Qualifications Of A pecuniary Manager primary we sine qua non to understand the term financial autobus, Brealey, Myers and Allen (2008, p.6) referred this term to anyone in an organization who is specialized in finance and responsible for the bon tons investiture or funding termination, spacious corporation whitethorn name it as controller, inter study conglomerates however appoint a Corporate pecuniary Officer CFO to be responsible for corporate proviso.History Of The Financial Managers FunctionEver since 1900s and even after the Great Depression in 1930s, the primary office of a finance people was only a descriptive discipline on bookkeeping which means accurately recording all transactions connect to the payment of suppliers, billing of customers, and handling of exchange way out through the scotchs department and issuing oscillatory financial statements. Until late 1960s increased competitio n in industries forced financial managers to exchange their focus towards evaluating investment opportunities and making decisions on the choice of pluss and liabilities necessary to maximize the partnerships value. The 1970s and 80s was a period of increased international competition, CEOs became c one timerned with operational efficiency to cope with the ready ontogenesis marketplace, this included the story functions which was streamlined and natural to reach out to becoming a profit center for the whole organization (Besley Brigham, 2005, p.6). This transitional shift was gradual and finance managers roles argon no longer stuck solely to the bill functions, hence a parvenu operational trend brought in a new breed of heavily educated controllers profession with MIS training and computer systems operational capabilities to bring forth efficiency and the true in wariness levels and analytic thinking versus the of age(predicate) account systems. Olley (2006) quoted a study by the Institute of counseling Accountants (IMA) The Practice Analysis of Management Accounting (1996) which mentioned that since the mid 1980s, management accountants sire transitioned from the traditional role of being a number cruncher to an internal management consultant and decision-support specialist. Over the century, finance manager has risen to a highly educated, professional and useful plants in the entire corporate structure.Qualification Requirements Of A Financial Manager FMIn normal practice, a finance manager has to make water ACCA/ HKICPA or degree in accountancy or financial planning academic track record or even a chartered accountant qualification, who may possess a minimum of 10 years experience in accounting and financial planning. The traditional career path towards a Financial Manager was through the accounting clerical ranks, then mint onto being an facilitateant accountant and accountant. Other recruiters would prefer one who has been an audito r as this experience allows the individual a bulky exposure to auditing and learning from different industries, knowledge of financial situations and how to avoid human or systems errors, so that the mortal is more affluent on how to manage a smooth transaction flow.Expectations From Corporations, Job Description And Key Attri plainlyes Of FMExpectations From CorporationsThe functions, levels and scopes of responsibilities of financial managers arse be very different depending on the size of organizations. For large corporations, the generic wine role is highly focused on strategical analysis while for smaller organizations, the role could only be more concerned on the assembly and supplying of accounts and ledgers.Michael Page International, one of the worlds executive recruitment agent, posted a front page headline advertisement in Classified Post of south China Morning Post on 14 November 2009 in the need of a Chief Financial Manager. The advertisement stated the incumben t will be an integral part of the senior management team, report to the Managing Director MD with the ultimate responsibility for the control of the global finance operation of a new venture. The person will need to manage the change situation of each branch of the business concern and exercise the financial strategy across multiple locations and will need to build the necessary reporting, risk and control frame runs. The person also needs to prepare analysis and financial models and control compliance to corporate policy and national accounting practices. In addition to technical finance advice, the incumbent should possess strong commercial acumen and will work closely with the MD on strategic growth and development plans for the business, furthermore, to negociate with shareholders, key investors and build relevant banking relationships. The client expected someone with experience working within an entrepreneurial milieu and display the ability to be part of a dynamic team.A llicolven, another executive search consultant, listed the criteria on its advertisement in JobsDB (13 November 2009) that the appli trampt has to provide value-added appreciation into opportunities and risks, responsible for completing the statutory consolidated financial audit for the organization, as well as ensuring the impeccable application of global accounting policy way outs for the beau monde and its subsidiaries, the development and maintenance of global controls surrounding treasury and cash management. The client required from the incumbent excellent leadership, proven understanding of regulatory capital issues and line up with regulators, excellent communication and command of English and Chinese. These advertisements include all the criteria this paper aims to discuss on and one can easily see the challenging roles of a finance manager nowadays which exceeds the normal accounting functions already.Job Description Of FMTypical work activities, stated in the Job Desc ription of a Financial Manager in JobsDB (9 Nov 2009), Prospects (16 Dec 2009), and Careerplanner (16 Dec 2009) are summarized below, with each requirement stating clearly a standard that has to be met and how the results of the acceptable work would invasion the organizationManage and oversee the daily accounting functions to ensure relevant accounting activities are handled in compliance with the regulatory requirements and group accounting policies and agree the highest standardCoordinate and execute all financial related activities in the groups businesses to ensure the proper financial management and minimize the financial risksAssist the go past management to formulate strategic and long-term business plansMonitor and supervise the month-end closing to ensure all management reports are tendered on time and with accuracyPrepare and review monthly financial charts for all offices, debrief the financial data and results into business implication to relevant divisional headsCo mpile various biweekly analytical reports and hold discussion meetings with department heads timely to alert them of the updated business performanceLiaise with out-of-door auditors to ensure annual auditing is performed smoothly participate in the group internal audits to ensure proper control procedures are in placeMonitor cash flows, oversee the total funding, predict future trends of cash and fund management to optimize the benefits of the companys fund utilizationEstablish the annual budget program and financial models to sustain a smooth and comprehensive offshootHandle taxation and legal mattersReview and implement efficient and effective internal control system, make recom- mendations on existing work procedures to improve efficiency. strict up accounting software to ensure it meets the corporate accounting requirementSupervise the accounting staff topical anaestheticly and ensure the accounts department is well managed, liaise with overseas accounting heads to make s ure appropriate guidance and directions are devoted. Assist in appropriate recruitment and provide coaching and training programs to staff members and conduct performance review for themWork independently, when applicable, take the initiative to provide input on serve improvements as it relates to propitiationsDevelop network and relationships with community and external contacts, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as customers, auditors, solicitors, bankers, brokers, course credit ratingors, insurance companies and statutory organizations. Provide assistance and solutions to them whenever necessaryAnalyze and keep updated of changes in legislation, financial regulations, competitors move and market trends, query and report on factors influencing the organizations business performance and advise the management accordingly.The Key Attributes And Competencies Required For FMIt is almost a prerequisite for a professional finance manager to be analytical, rational, unadventurous and m eticulous yet possessing a macro view of the whole accounting picture, ethical, risk sensitive and inquisitive to detect fraud in any areas in the organization. General personal attributes such as being hardworking, independent with initiative, responsible and accountable, well organized, efficient, timely, comprise-effective, self motivating, willing to work under stuff are expected. In addition, management skills to enhance productivity of the accounting team, interpersonal skills in proactively communicating the financial facts and findings to the management, coordinating with other department personnel and decision makers, and being a team player would be most appropriate and eligible to be a finance team leader.Typical Accounting Roles Of Financial Managers And The Critical AspectsGitman (1992, p.8) defined that financial management is in the arena of business management, dedecated to a careful selection of sources and prudent use of capital, with the aim in modify a pass u nit to move towards the direction of reaching its goals. The duties and responsibilities of financial managers vary with their specific functions and position titles in different organizations, this includes being a controller, treasurer, credit manager, cash manager, internal auditor, taxation manager, risk and insurance manager. Each of these functions has their critical aspects and prime objectives.Function As A ControllerControllers direct and compile the preparation of financial analysis reports concluding and forecasting the organizations financial status. These analyses include income statements, balance sheets, continual review of revenue and expense trends and analysis of future earnings. Controllers provide periodic compilation of business cycle forecasting statistics and periodic calculation of a standard set of ratios for corporate financial performance and regulatory authorities. Controllers make financing decisions typically including should the company raise cash in hand by borrowing short term or long term debt or by selling dividing line and integrity, timing to pay dividends and timing to sell the debt and equity. The long range plan should include a listing of capital investments required and describe the economic benefits to resonate the revenue and profit objectives. Brigham Ehrhardt (2002, p.502) mentioned clearly that effective capital budgeting and funding allocation including cash management, budgeting, sourcing and requirement can improve both the timing and quality of asset acquisitions, all of these decisions affect the investment profile of the company hence impact the shareholders value. It is common that controllers oversee the accounting, audit and budgeting, logistics departments and are responsible to communicate any financial variances and adverse trend results to management, along with pressations for improvement.With regards to budgeting, Mason (2007, pp.121-123) briefed that a controller should determine various bud gets on sales and revenue, revenue expenditure, profit and loss, capital expenditure and cash budgeting. The prime purpose of budgetary control is to maintain expenses to be spent within the limits of income. As the budget is set, a controller must control cost and management overheads and allocate the costs accordingly. Figure 1.0 illustrated basic elements of management overheads, listing clearly actual expenses versus the budget assigned.Function As A TreasurerTreasurers are responsible to oversee the organization cash, execute capital-raising strategies to support expansion of the company. Basically, as Brealey et al. (2008, p.6) mentioned, treasurers look after the investment of funds and manage associated risks, supervise cash management and deal with merging and acquisition activities. To ensure tasks to be properly processed, they need to maintain relationships with bankers, ocellusholder and other investors holding the companys securities. An example of consort Air Produc ts, given by Besley Brigham (2005, pp.690-691) which issued different classes of securities because the finance team was aware that different investors had different risk and return trade off preferences, so to appeal to the broadest possible market, Allied offered securities to attract as many different types of investors as possible. Besides, different securities are more popular at different points in time, the company can issue whatever is popular at the time they need money. A wise strategy that takes advantage of market conditions can lower a companys overall cost of capital.Function As A Credit ManagerCredit managers keep up to tailor make credit agreements that concerns the indebtedness limits, evaluate the credit applicants, ensure that the company maintains a fixed amount of working capital to cover the companys operating cash needs. Primarily, they monitor the companys issuance of credit, develop credit rating criteria and determine the ceilings, appoint an accounting system for the sake of banking transactions (Van Horne, 2002, pp.449-459). Furthermore, they are responsible to review the collection reports, status of outstanding balances, then arrange to collect debts of past- due(p) accounts or take in the delinquent accounts to solicitors or outsourced agencies for collection. This role ensures the company to have valid funds for the operation and arrange new sources of finance for a companys debt facilities.Function As A Cash ManagerCash managers monitor and control the flow of cash, control check stock, signature plates, separate the responsibility for the cash receipts and bank reconciliation functions, process all accounts collectible and receivables, and cash application transactions in accordance with rigidly defined procedures. Petty cash authorization and usage is to be supervised, recording incoming cash payments and verify amount of cash discounts taken. All above measures have to be scrutinized to ensure proper cash in-flow record and usage to meet the business and investment needs of the company and avoiding the risk of committing fraud if the operations are not monitored well. Least to mention, cash flow projections are required so that the management needs to determine if external loans are needed to meet the cash requirements or if surplus cash can be invested in other interest-bearing instruments.Cost accounting and Inventory accounting is another major role of Cash Managers, they need to conduct job or process costing and verify the inventory valuation, because inventories form a link between production and sale of products. Van Horne (2002, p.463-465) explained that cash managers measure the benefits of inventory versus the cost, like account receivables, inventories hedging should be increased as long as the resulting savings exceed the total cost of holding the added inventory. Other than paper work, cash managers have to coordinate periodic physical inventory counts, audits and allocation methods, and provide periodic compilation and evaluation of the inventory costs.Function As An Internal Auditor And Coordinator With impertinent AuditorsThe scheduling and management of periodic audits within the company lies upon the shoulder of the Internal Auditor. The preparation of audit reports and communicating the findings and recommendations to the management and board of directors is essential. Without saying, they are responsible to assist the annual external auditing. Auditing for fraud especially for small scale transactional fraud is difficult, so by observing the surroundings, the managing persons accountabilities and employee lifestyles may help in detecting obscure fraudulent act. American and European based corporations have their own internal auditors who perform ad hoc auditing within the corporation worldwide at least once or twice a year.Function As A value ManagerThe reporting requirements of all governmental authorities have increased importantly and become more c omplex, so it becomes mandatory that companies comply with the changing federal and local tax laws and regulations. Tax managers handle the tax filing and reports for the organization so they must be familiar with tax laws and report timely to the Inland Revenue and tax authorities. Profound knowledge of and experience in international business and personal tax laws will help in this role although company may hire external tax consultant or tax attorneys. Tax managers should review the annual and strategic plans to develop the tax jurisdiction and liabilities for each period, develop tax shelter policies, research the foreign tax consequences of the business plan, recommend actions concerning all tax adjustments and at times, defend the company in respect to disputed tax matters. Eun Resnick (2001, pp.475-486) recommended some measures to be taken by tax managers, such as accelerating deductions which involve depreciation, making use of local and foreign countries tax credits, avoi ding non-allowable expenses, increasing tax deferrals and obtaining tax exempt income to use the excess tax savings in other forms of investment. It is critical that the application of tax laws must be considered in many day-to-day operating decisions, setting up business operations overseas, go for tax havens, consider personal tax situation when hiring expatriates which will help to avoid paying excess taxes by the company or individuals.Function As A Risk And Insurance Manager And Liquidity Crisis ManagerRisk and insurance managers oversee the operations, projects and production programs to minimize risks and losses that may formulate from financial transactions and business operations. They need to manage the insurance budget, analyze and measure risks of the investments, direct operations of brokerage firm which were commissioned in purchase and selling securities, insurance negotiations, and finally select the insurance brokers and carriers. Establishing procedures for cust ody and control of assets, records, loan collateral, and securities, review reports of securities transactions and price lists is critical to ensure safekeeping and analyzing the market conditions. Rowe et al. (1994, pp.383-386) suggested risk managers to work on the capital cost overruns, nationalization of facilities as some countries may nationalize certain industries with little or no compensation to the previous owners, ecological costs notably in the asbestos and tobacco industries, sales fluctuations, market growth rate, companys market share, investment required, cost of production, raw material scarcity, admixture of margins for competing products, and technological advances. They would identify the key variables that have impact on the business decision, after all, a long range plan should include an in-depth assessment of the risks that may occur as a result of the business plan. If impending problems are predicted, company can avoid going into involuntary liquidation.F unctions Specifically Required In Financial InstitutionsFinancial managers who serve in financial institutions, such as commercial and investment banks, finance associations and credit unions, oversee a variety of functions, including loans, trusts, mortgages, futures, lines of credit and investments. They must be highly familiar and operate in compliance with the State laws and investment regulatory rules and always keep abreast of the fast growing array of financial services and products. Arnold (2005, p.627) suggested that managers have to evaluate and examine application, approve or reject, lines of credit and commercial, real estate and personal loans, they also need to be aware of, and assess the international risk that arises due to foreign currency exchange rates and inflation rates, economical and political situations which may impact the local and foreign countries bonds requisition.Liability ResponsibilityFinancial manager, regardless of the functions above, should monito r the accruals, take a standard review of customer advances in the closing procedure if the company regularly deals with a large amount of customer deposits. They should plan the on-going and long-term liabilities, such as accrual for bonuses, commissions, property and income taxes, royalties, unpaid wages and holiday pay, warranty claims, by period, in addition, they can analyze each way to reduce the companys obligation such as using just-in-time inventory methods to reduce accounts payable and arrange for a good payment terms for product or materials purchase and update the projected debt status to the year-end closing (Spiceland et al., 2009, p.358). A cautious procedure and alertness will assist the companys growth with little draw back.Organizational And Strategic Roles Of A Financial ManagerAs computerized systems are nemine contradicente used in corporations, so finance managers can utilize more time in establishing strategies and implementing the short and long term goal s for their corporations.As Part Of Management With Management SkillsA Financial Managers function can be very distinct and like any other department manager, a finance manager needs to have general management skills such as A) Planning on what work is to be done and the completion schedule in the accounting department, especially in the timely processing of transactions and guiding the budgeting process B) Organizing the financial tasks, office management, and software, hardware utilization C) Directing the department work to ensure it operates in an orderly manner D) Measuring the performance of all key aspects of the department to ensure that performance meets or even exceeds the standards set E) Delegating work to accounting subordinates and F) Process controlling and constant reviewing if assignments are completed with accuracy and within the time frame F) A finance manager must have a good knowledge of both company and industry operations in order to know how they impact the o perations and new strategic move of the organization.As A Strategic Business PartnerAny business decision, in particular the crucial strategic move, cannot dart ahead if without assessing the financial implications. This extends the field of battle of a finance manager to be involved in strategic business management. To compete successfully, a company must analyze its cost position proportional to that of competitors, finance manager will play a strategic role here to provide competitive-cost analysis, if all competitors costs are researched, the company can project future price levels, anticipate competitors moves, prepare countermoves, and assess the potential of its strategies for success. Van Horne (2002, p.199-200) interpreted competitive-cost analysis begins with an analysis of strategic cost-driving factors which determine a companys relative long-run position. The initial question is to determine which costs are relevant in a strategic sense, should the company do the thin gs right by miscue costs in the short run or doing the right things to position the organization for long term cost advantages by exploiting opportunities for excess returns. Rowe et al. (1994) had a good insight by raising a number of questions while revealing the financial analysis, the manager should ask if the new strategy is appropriate given the companys current financial position in the industry, do we have the financial resources to initiate the strategy, are financial resources being allocated correctly in order to achieve the strategic goal, should acquisitions be considered, should outsourcing be considered.Finance manager can help in companys growth by determining a wise use of the strategic funds (which is total funds available minus the baseline funds) for purchase of new tangible assets such as facilities, equipment, and inventory, to increase working capital, and to fund direct expenses for research and development, marketing, advertising and promotions and even for amalgamations and acquisitions.As Corporate Policies Writer And EvaluatorBeing cautious and versatile in the financial principles and discipline, knowing a thoughtful planning would affect the strategies of the company, finance manager should initiate the details of all procedures, the authorization and limitations of peoples act, regardless such act is aggressive or ignorant, into written polices and procedures. Such policies can include the operation of the accounting systems and statements issuance, the inventory purchase and control, capital and asset investments, human resources compensation plans and expenses, capital evaluation and auditing control measures must be enacted into a procedural manual for all divisional managers to follow suit. Besides, authorization and procedures of credit and collection policies, dividend polices with regards to the dividend amount and payout timing must be thoroughly documented and set because rightful process allow less human error or fals ified ethics, avoid paying excess tax which would overall influence the level of a companys accounts receivable. A good policy and practices impact the quality of the trade accounts, increase the companys branding and competitive edge in the market.Handle Mergers And Acquisitions And ConsolidationsFinancial managers have an essential function in mergers and consolidations, in global expansion and related financing. The primary motive and purpose of merging two companies is to increase the value of the combined enterprise. adduce if company A and company B merge to form a company C, and if Cs value exceeds that of A and B separately, then synergy exists and such merger should be beneficial to both As and Bs shareholders. A recent headline is Bank of Americas BA 2008 acquisition of Merrill Lynch which made BA the worlds largest wealthiness manager. Both Brealey (2008, p. 883) and Brigham Ehrhardt (2002, p.970) cited on the same record breaking example of AOL spending a significant amount of USD156 billion in acquiring Time Warner, aimed to puddle a company which offer consumers a comprehensive package of media and information products. Financial managers possess extensive and special knowledge in the areas of risks reduction, valuing the targeted firm, compliance of merger regulations, international foreign exchange, tax considerations, analysis of the companys current surplus funds, merger analysis of benefits of the complementary resources of income, and last of all provide a post-merger report. Without the merger analysis by financial managers, these merger and acquisitions and consolidation in the market would not have been active worldwide, especially in the USA.Maximize Shareholders ValueA fitting finance manager should act in the interests of the companys owners and shareholders, maximize current wealth and profit of the organization by increasing the companys market value. To do so, monitoring the equity of the organization in terms of debt and cred it is important, because investors expect a high return on the capital invested in terms of dividends, minimized liabilities and a maximized stock price. Brealey et al. (2008, p.22) explained that the real assets of the organization need to produce sufficient cash to satisfy bankers debt, so the capital budgeting responsibility of the finance manager plays an important role to calculate how much money the company can invest and into what kind of assets that could be predicted to earn the most and fastest, and diffuse all concerned risks. This measure is to ensure decorous flow of money from investors into the company is well utilized and then maximize the return back to them to satisfy the shareholders.SummaryWith any and all of above accounting and organizational functions that Financial Managers have to perform and fulfill, it is almost imperative that they should take the initiative to advise, make recommendations for improvement to the management on all financial related matter s. Acting as a counselor and invigilator of senior management is critical and affect the survival of the company. Prince (2005, p.15) quoted an example on the CEO of Kmart who exercised extensive high spending manners, extravagances and received excessive executive compensation in the cost of the corporation finally led to the bankruptcy of the company in January 2002, now became a subordinate word of Sears Holdings Corporation. Likewise, General Motors Company GM which was ranked as the largest US automaker, filed for liquidation in June 2009, finally assisted by US Governments Troubled Relief Program and commenced its reorganization since July 2009. On the other hand, the low resource utilization manner of Murdoch (Prince 2005, p.15) was advised to use the high value assets to offset News Corporations debt, eventually, the company was spared liquidation due to the financial approach.Nowadays Financial Manager Versus Traditional Accounting Manager And The Challenges Accompanied W ith This RoleThere is a growing realization that a Financial Manager is no longer called on only to process accounting transactions and issue financial statements when these tasks require detailed technical knowledge but no considerable management or analysis skill. Instead, the modern finance manager or controller must exhibit additional mastery of a multitude of management skills, so that the accounts department runs in an efficient and effective manner, offers a detailed analysis of financial statement results, recommends improvements, and monitors the activities of other departments and perhaps even manages the computer systems in a smaller organization. They should no longer focus on the paper driven reports, so modern finance managers need to radically change the finance report styles and to be efficiently generated by the computerized systems.Financial managers need to cope with the competitive advantage, add values to the corporation, and advance into the use of electronic s preadsheets for financial analysis, target costing, disaster recovery planning, fraud prevention plan, inventory valuation, activity-based costing and budgeting, outsourcing information systems security and software package integration. Nowadays finance managers should utilize the analyzed information to strategize plans to maximize profits and act as business advisors to top management.Global Expansion And International Financial ManagementGlobalization is a trend where business enterprise can search for lower production and labor costs complemented with high quality merchandise and production efficiency, companies may have a need to broaden the markets, seek for raw materials and new technology. Kim Kim (2006, p.4) defined globalization means integrating the world marketplace and creating a borderless world for goods and services. In the era of heightened global competition, international finance managers have to be a strategic partner by starting off to consider the external env ironment in terms of economic situation, the current and future stage of the business cycle, entrance of the new competitors, political